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__GROUP MEMBERS: Steven Gallagher__ BRANDON MULLIGAN

__TOPICS:__ Scientific Revolution: Copernicus was bored one day so he called up his best friend Martin Luther. Since Copernicus was a scientist and Martin Luther a monk then it was frowned upon to be friends during that time. It would have been all right only if Martin Luther didn’t nail the 99 theses on a church door. Ptolemy thought the earth was the center of the universe. But now they can because Copernicus prove Ptolemy wrong that the sun was the center of the universe, that’s called Heliocentric This idea when against the church and it also made Martin Luther made mad so he decided no to answer the call. Isaac Newton was Martin Luther’s new friend

Age of Exploration: One day, everyone in Europe wanted to make a living and know about different countries around the world. Thus, the Age of Exploration began. Spices, such as pepper were very valuable because it seasoned food and helped preserve it. People were motivated to explore the world. First, they wanted to find gold and become rich. Secondly, many people wanted to be brave and have glory. Finally, people also wanted to spread their religion to different countries. Portugal was the first country to explore the world. Prince Henry of Portugal sent Bartholomeu Dias to explore Africa by sailing around it. As a result, Dias discovered the Cape of Good Hope, which was the southern tip of Africa. This gave Portugal an advantage because instead of having to trade with other countries for the spice, they could travel by sea because when people trade spice, it loses its value. Explorers began to travel to the Spice Islands off the coast of India. They risked their own lives to sail all the way there. One explorer who managed to make it was Vasco de Gama from Portugal. He had three ships and a guide that could lead him around Africa. The results were that he lost two of his ships and many of his crew had died, but he managed to reach the islands and get a large shipment of spice back to Portugal and raised his price 5,000 percent. Another explorer named Christopher Columbus believed that Earth was smaller than it really is. Instead of traveling east, he traveled west because he believed that Japan was just a few thousand miles away from Portugal. Columbus traveled with three ships. They were called the Nina, Pinta, and the Santa Maria. On October 12 1492, Columbus had landed in the Bahamas off the coast of North America. He didn’t know that he had discovered new land so he thought he landed in India. He called the natives Indians and treated them like slaves. Than he was put on trial for how he treated the natives and Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand let him go. A few year later, Marco Polo landed in North America and everyone thought of him as the man who discovered new land when it was actually Christopher Columbus who discovered it first. The discovery led to many new trades, such as gold, cloth, and tobacco. Then one day, Pope Alexander created what is known as the Line of Demarcation, which decided which lands Portugal and Spain would use for trade. Spain had more land than Portugal. When news about the Line of Demarcation reached Portugal, they thought that Portugal deserved more land then Spain since they were the first to explore the open world. One country that Portugal could trade with was Brazil in South America because they could speak Portuguese. Countries even began to send explorers to the new land to set up colonies. As colonies were being created, conquistadors began to capture the natives living there. Then, an encomienda was created. An encomienda was a grant by the Spanish Crwon to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area. They were even used to find gold. If they refused, they were put to death. Colonists began to discover the remains of other humans, such as weapons or clothes. Than, they discovered that they were the remains of Vikings. Than, they began to think that they probably weren’t the first ones to discover America. The leader of the Vikings was a man named Leif Erikson. His father, Erik the Red, had set up a colony in Iceland. If we didn’t discover new land, we probably wouldn’t have the technology and goods that we have today.

Portugal:

Spain: Queen Isabella was the Princess of Spain when she married King Ferdinand. They become queen and King. And then they hired Christopher Columbus to sail the ocean blue to find a different route to the Spice Islands. He then landed in the Bahamas and then thought that it was India. After a couple of trips to the Bahamas, and while he was there he found and started forcing the people on the island to find gold or they would be dead. Because of his actions Spain made new rules called the encomienda to help protect slave from being killed. After a couple of trips to the Bahamas Pope Alexander then made the Line of Demarcation.

Portugal was the first country to start exploring the world and see what was out there. Prince Henry the navigator is the king of Portugal and sent vasco de gamma to explore and learn about the new land. So after Bartholomew found the Cape of Good Hope it made other countries like Brazil started to join the search for new land and treasure. But after more people started to explore different races stared to mix and fight about if Spanish should get rights to encomienda. Dylan Bader